Trunk Cable

Enphase Trunk Cable Q-12-RAW-300 12AWG 600VAC 250 Feet Black

Gauge (AWG)12 AWG
InsulationTHHN/THWN-2 dry/wet
Voltage Rating600 VAC

Pickup on Tue, Dec 2 from Orlando, FL

Overview
Articles

Trunk Cable For Sale

When designing a microinverter-based photovoltaic array, the trunk cable represents the central nervous system of your entire power distribution network. This continuous multi-conductor cable runs beneath your solar modules, connecting individual microinverters into a unified AC collection system.

Trunk Cable vs. Traditional DC String Wiring

Solar trunk cable operates on fundamentally different principles than DC string wiring. Rather than collecting high-voltage DC from series-connected panels, trunk cables distribute 240V AC from parallel microinverter outputs. The physical construction involves a molded polymer jacket housing three or four insulated conductors with pre-installed connector ports spaced at 48 to 60 inches, corresponding to standard module mounting patterns.

Calculating Trunk Cable Sizing

Voltage drop becomes the limiting factor in most installations. The National Electrical Code recommends maintaining voltage drop below 3% for branch circuits, though many engineers target 2% for microinverter systems to preserve production efficiency.

Conductor Size	Maximum Microinverters (300W)	Maximum Run Length	Voltage Drop @ Full Load
14 AWG	12 units	150 feet	2.0%
12 AWG	12 units	240 feet	2.0%
12 AWG	18 units	160 feet	2.0%
10 AWG	24 units	200 feet	1.8%

Temperature derating matters significantly. Trunk cables installed on dark roofing surfaces during summer months experience ambient temperatures exceeding 70°C. Apply appropriate derating factors from NEC Article 310 to prevent conductor overheating.

Key Reliability Specifications

Feature	Standard Grade	Premium Grade
Jacket Material	PVC (90°C rated)	Cross-linked polyethylene (105°C rated)
UV Resistance	5-year guarantee	25-year guarantee
Connector Sealing	Compression gasket	Double-seal with internal potting
Cold Flexibility	Rated to -20°C	Rated to -40°C
Warranty Coverage	10 years	25 years

Insulation temperature rating deserves particular attention. While 90°C-rated cables meet code minimums, installers in extreme climates should specify 105°C rated conductors. UV degradation represents the primary long-term failure mode for exposed trunk cables. Request accelerated aging test data showing less than 20% tensile strength loss after 5,000 hours of QUV-A exposure.

Connector ingress protection determines whether moisture penetration causes ground faults. Insist on IP67-rated connectors featuring silicone gaskets and stainless steel contacts. Aluminum contacts oxidize rapidly in humid climates, creating resistive heating that can melt connector housings.

Installation Best Practices

Maintain minimum bend radius of eight times the cable outer diameter—roughly 4 inches for typical residential trunk cables. Support spacing should not exceed 6 feet; use cable clips rated for outdoor exposure spaced every 4 to 5 feet to prevent thermal expansion damage and conductor fatigue.

Expert Tip

Before making final electrical connections, perform continuity tests on all conductors across the entire trunk cable length. This simple verification catches manufacturing defects or installation mistakes before energizing the system.

— Sergey Fedorov, Co-founder & CTO

Total Cost of Ownership Analysis

Cable Quality	Initial Cost	25-Year Energy Loss	Replacement Risk	Total Cost of Ownership
Economy Grade	$800	$325 (1% loss)	High (70% likelihood)	$2,100
Standard Grade	$950	$162 (0.5% loss)	Medium (30% likelihood)	$1,400
Premium Grade	$1,200	$0	Low (5% likelihood)	$1,250

First-cost savings from undersized or economy-grade trunk cable rarely justify the lifetime consequences. A 30-microinverter residential array generating 10,000 kWh annually loses $13 per year for every 1% voltage drop—$325 over 25 years. Hidden costs emerge when inferior trunk cables require premature replacement beneath mounted modules, demanding extensive labor and risking module damage.

Future Standards and System Upgrades

⚡ Rapid Shutdown Integration

Rapid shutdown requirements under NEC Article 690.12 have driven trunk cable evolution toward integrated control capabilities. Next-generation products incorporate low-voltage signal conductors for module-level shutdown without separate control wiring.

🔌 Higher Ampacity Requirements

Higher power density from 400W modules will eventually push trunk cable ampacity requirements beyond current 20A standards. Specify trunk cables with at least 20% spare ampacity beyond current microinverter requirements to accommodate future upgrades without complete rewiring.

Expert Tip

Forward-thinking installers should monitor manufacturer roadmaps for 25A and 30A trunk cable systems that accommodate next-generation equipment while ensuring the system operates well within thermal limits.

— Sergey Fedorov, Co-founder & CTO

What is the main difference between trunk cable and traditional DC string wiring?

Trunk cable distributes 240V AC from parallel microinverter outputs, while traditional string wiring collects high-voltage DC from series-connected panels. Trunk cables feature pre-installed connector ports at regular intervals, eliminating the need for wire stripping or junction boxes.

How much voltage drop is acceptable in microinverter trunk cable systems?

The National Electrical Code recommends maintaining voltage drop below 3% for branch circuits, though professional installers typically target 2% for microinverter systems to preserve production efficiency and maximize energy yield.

Should I choose 90°C or 105°C rated trunk cable?

While 90°C-rated cables meet code minimums, installers working in extreme climates should specify 105°C rated conductors. The higher temperature rating provides thermal headroom when cables experience direct sun exposure combined with high ambient temperatures and full current load.

What connector rating should I specify for outdoor trunk cable installations?

Insist on IP67-rated connectors featuring silicone gaskets and stainless steel contacts. This rating ensures adequate protection against moisture penetration that can cause ground faults or corrosion failures over the system's 25-year lifespan.

Ready to Choose the Right Trunk Cable?

Get professional guidance on selecting the perfect trunk cable for your microinverter installation. Our experts will help you calculate the correct gauge and ensure NEC compliance.

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