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A home backup generator is a dedicated power system designed to supply electricity during outages, ensuring that essential appliances, heating/cooling systems, and home electronics continue to function. Depending on the type, it can start automatically when the grid fails or be manually activated to keep your household operational.
When utility power is interrupted, a generator draws fuel from its source—propane, natural gas, diesel, gasoline, or solar—and converts it into electricity. Standby models use an automatic transfer switch to detect the outage and start within seconds. Portable and inverter models require manual setup but can be positioned to supply targeted loads.
Choosing the correct size starts with identifying the wattage requirements of all devices you need to run during an outage. Add together the running watts of appliances, then factor in starting watts for those with electric motors. Oversizing wastes fuel and money, while undersizing risks damaging both the generator and appliances.
Appliance / Device | Running Watts | Starting Watts |
---|---|---|
Refrigerator / Freezer | 700 | 2200 |
Sump Pump (1/2 HP) | 1050 | 2150 |
Central AC (3 ton) | 4500 | 7200 |
Gas Furnace Fan | 750 | 1500 |
Microwave Oven | 1000 | 1000 |
LED Lighting (10 bulbs) | 100 | 100 |
Wi-Fi Router Modem | 20 | 20 |
Permanently installed, connected to your home's electrical panel, and fueled by natural gas or propane. They provide whole-home coverage and start automatically, making them the most convenient but also the most expensive option.
Less costly and mobile, these can run on gasoline, propane, or dual fuel. They require manual setup, including connecting extension cords or a transfer switch, but are versatile for occasional use.
Compact and quiet, these produce stable power that's safe for sensitive electronics. Ideal for smaller homes or partial backup needs, though they have lower wattage capacity compared to standby units.
Fuel choice impacts runtime, maintenance, storage, and availability:
In regions prone to long winter outages, propane or diesel standby units ensure extended runtime without frequent refueling. In sunny climates, a solar hybrid backup system can reduce fuel dependence and operating costs.
Expert Tip
Total cost depends on type, size, and installation complexity. Standby systems typically range from $5,000–$12,000 installed, while portable units cost $500–$2,500. Inverter generators fall between $700–$3,000 depending on capacity and features.
Generator Type | Typical Size (Watts) | Runtime at 50% Load | Noise Level (dB) | Cost Range Installed |
---|---|---|---|---|
Standby | 10,000–22,000 | Continuous (NG/LP) | 60–70 | $5,000–$12,000 |
Portable | 5,000–8,500 | 8–12 hrs (gas) | 68–80 | $500–$2,500 |
Inverter | 2,000–7,000 | 6–10 hrs (gas/LP) | 50–65 | $700–$3,000 |
Key tasks include regular oil and filter changes, fuel system checks, and monthly load testing. Standby models should be serviced annually by a professional to ensure compliance with manufacturer warranties. Portable units require more frequent inspections if stored for long periods.
Important features include automatic or push-button start, noise-reduction enclosures, remote monitoring, large fuel tanks or continuous fuel hookup, and extended warranties.
Noise compliance is crucial in residential neighborhoods. Inverter models and well-insulated standby units can operate as quietly as 50–60 dB—similar to normal conversation—while also consuming less fuel per watt generated.
Ready to Choose Your Generator?
Evaluate your wattage needs, preferred fuel source, budget, and tolerance for noise. Decide between standby, portable, or inverter models based on outage frequency and desired automation.
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